Counting Things

• Look at the picture of insects. How many insects do you see?

• ✅ If you got 15 then you are correct.
  

• How did you get that number?

• By counting, starting from 1: 1, 2, 3… up to 15.

What are Natural Numbers?

• The numbers we use to count things are called natural numbers.

• They always start from 1 and go on forever: 1, 2, 3, 4…

• These numbers are all around us — we count pencils, books, or friends.

Writing Numbers (Numerals)

• The symbols we write for numbers are called numerals.

  • Example: 5 is a numeral that represents five things.

• Numerals are made from digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.

• Numbers can have one or more digits:

  • 19 → 2 digits

  • 178 → 3 digits

The Number Line

• We can show numbers on a number line:

• Number lines help us see the order of numbers clearly.

Activity 1.1: Counting Digits

• Look at the number: 294,346,931

• Count each digit: 2, 9, 4, 3, 4, 6, 9, 3, 1

• ✅ Answer: 9 digits

Exercise 1.1

1. Draw a number line and write the first 20 natural numbers (start from 0).

2. Count the digits in these numbers:

   • a) 478,341

   • b) 8,970,426

   • c) 76,370